• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    MOVEMENT COMPENSATOR. The present invention is related to a motion compensation system to control the relative movements between a floating vessel (3a) and an elongated element (5), where the elongated element is suspended by the vessel at a first end and extends within a body of water below the floating vessel. An active movement compensator (8) is connected to the end of the first elongated element through an element (10), arranged in an upper region of an upright support structure (2), and a passive movement compensator (12a, 12b) it is connected to the end of the first elongated element through the element (10). The movement compensators (8, 12a, 12b) are structurally and operationally separated, in the form of independent units, being configured for separate and mutually independent operation.
    公开号:BR112014012536B1
    申请号:R112014012536-8
    申请日:2012-11-22
    公开日:2021-02-09
    发明作者:Lars Pøhner
    申请人:Aker Mh As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The present invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling and related operations, from floating structures. More particularly, the invention concerns a motion compensation system, as shown in the preamble to claim 1. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] Floating vessels (ships, platforms, etc.) are commonly used for drilling, technical assistance services and maintenance of subsea oil and gas wells. Typically, a riser (set of tubes) is suspended below a drilling floor and extends to an underwater wellhead at the bottom of the sea. A drilling column can be suspended by the drilling tower and move inside the riser, through the wellhead and into the underground hydrocarbon reservoir. The distance (and, consequently, the length of the drill string) between the wellhead at the bottom of the sea and the reservoir can be considerable. In this configuration, the riser is fixed to the seabed (through the wellhead) while the drilling column is not fixed. A drill string or a drill string compensator with malfunction, therefore, will not compromise the integrity of the well, as the drill string moves inside the riser. The riser ensures that the well does not have an opening for sea water.
    [0003] The respective connections between the riser and the vessel and between the drill string and the vessel must be compensated with respect to the vessel's movement in the water. The predominant factors for causing movements in the vessel include waves and tidal currents, but a drift displacement can also be one of those factors, if the vessel is not firmly anchored on the seabed. The distance between a point fixed on the vessel and a wellhead on the seabed will vary, according to the magnitude of these factors.
    [0004] Compensators are generally based on pressurized cylinders in a hydraulic-pneumatic system. This so-called passive compensator, in effect, is a spring with a predetermined force (although adjustable). A passive compensator, in principle, will not require any external utility (for example, electricity, control system, air or oil supply) during operation. The riser is normally suspended by means of a tensioning system, underlying the drilling floor. The drill string is normally suspended by a drill string compensator (usually referred to as DSC - Drill String Compensator) at the top of the tower (“top mounted compensator”), which is usually known in the art segment.
    [0005] In another operational configuration, the drill string (or casing tube) extends between the vessel and the seabed, without the presence of a riser. The drill string can be connected to a Christmas tree and, in the context of compensation, it can be considered to be fixed in relation to the seabed. In this so-called “fixed to the base” configuration, the capacity requirement of the compensator is considerably reduced, as the drilling column only extends to the bottom of the sea and not into the well. However, the provision of a drilling column without riser in a configuration fixed to the base is a precarious condition, due to the fact that the well may open up to the surrounding sea water, in case the drilling column is defective, for example, due to the malfunction of the compensating device. Therefore, the reliability of the compensating system is a highly critical factor in this configuration.
    [0006] The state of the art with respect to drill string compensators includes a passive top mounted drill string compensator (DSC), arranged on the top of the drill tower. This drill column compensator is connected to the crown block (also referred to as “crown mounted compensator”, or “CMC”). Thus, this compensator directly correlates with variations in shrinking load, being able to reduce weight variations at the tip, during drilling, to a minimum. The DSC / CMC system mounted on the top is normally supplemented by an active pitch compensating cylinder, which is used when depositing subsea equipment, such as, for example, BOPs, underwater Christmas trees, and during sub-flaring and other operations operations within the well that require minimal movement. The active pitch compensating cylinder is mechanically connected to the crowning block. Lifting operations are performed by a regular, non-compensated drill winch. The CMC system normally comprises a double swing arm system (for lifting maneuvers), being able to handle dynamic loads that are significant when compared to the static capacity of the tower and the arrangement of the crowning block. Thus, for example, for a tower, maneuver winch and CMC having a static capacity in the order of 1279 tonnes, the dynamic and active capacity is normally in the order of 680 tonnes, that is, around 50% of the static capacity. The passive crown-mounted compensating cylinder (CMC) is typically on the order of 7.6 meters.
    [0007] Another known alternative to the aforementioned DSC / CMC type compensators includes active compensated drilling winches, that is, without the presence of a DSC / CMC mounted on the top. This type of maneuver winch is typically activated by hydraulic or electric motors, and active compensation is carried out through controlled manipulation of the motors and / or hydraulic means (pumps, control valves, etc.), based on the data of entry of, for example, a vessel movement recording unit, causing the maneuver winches to stop working or to be embedded in the cables. This system has no passive mode. An active compensated winch is also susceptible to mechanical malfunction, leading to a complete loss of compensation in the drill string. However, an active compensated winch is advantageous when compared to DSC / CMC type top-mounted compensators, from a perspective of weight and balance: while DSC / CMC type compensators are comparatively heavy and positioned at the top of the drilling tower, the active compensated winch is lighter and disposed at deck level.
    [0008] The present Applicant envisioned and implemented the present invention, in order to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art and obtain additional advantages. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0009] The invention is established and characterized in the main claim, while the dependent claims describe other features of the invention.
    [00010] In this way, a motion compensation system is provided to control the relative movements between a floating vessel and an elongated element, in which the elongated element is suspended by the vessel at a first end and extends within a body of water below the floating vessel; characterized by an active motion compensator connected to the end of the first elongated element through an element arranged in an upper region of an upright support structure, and a passive motion compensator connected to the end of the first elongated element through the element, where the compensators of movement are structurally and operationally separated, in the form of independent units, being configured for separate and mutually independent operation, and in which the active movement compensator is configured to be out of operation, in static state, when the passive movement compensator is in operation, and vice versa.
    [00011] In one embodiment, the passive motion compensator comprises one or more passive motion compensation cylinders.
    [00012] The active movement compensator preferably comprises an active compensated winch placed on a deck on the floating vessel.
    [00013] In one embodiment, the passive motion compensator comprises a first end, which is connected to the element, and a second end, which is connected to the upright support structure, and in which the element is movable in a guide structure.
    [00014] The upright support structure comprises a support element for the element, on which the element is available when the passive motion compensator is not in operation, and the active compensator is in operation.
    [00015] In one embodiment, the passive motion compensator is supported by the upright support structure, at a certain vertical distance, above the active motion compensator.
    [00016] When a second end of the elongated element is attached to a base below the water table, the active movement compensator is out of operation and the active movement compensator is in operation.
    [00017] Thus, when using the combination of an active compensated drilling winch and a passive butt compensator having a reduced capacity, compared to conventional butt compensators, the risk of loosening the compensator capacity in operations “fixed to the base ”Is eliminated. The active compensated winch will handle operations where the drill string is not "fixed to the base" type. In this way, the passive motion compensator is not in use and the crowning block is inactive in the water table, so that the loads are directly transferred inside the drilling tower and not through the passive motion compensator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [00018] These and other characteristics of the invention will be made clearer from the following description of a preferred form of modality, presented as a non-restrictive example, making reference to the attached drawings, in which: - figure 1 illustrates the system of the invention in an active compensation mode; and - figure 2 illustrates the system of the invention in a passive compensation mode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
    [00019] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the movement compensation system according to the invention, in an active mode. A drilling tower is supported by a floating vessel (schematically indicated by (3a)), having a deck structure (3b). A drilling machine (1) is suspended by the tower and controls a drilling column (5) that extends through a “moon pool” (opening in the hull) (4) and into the water, towards the bottom of the sea ( not shown). This arrangement is well known in the art segment.
    [00020] The drilling column (5) is suspended by means of a crown block (10) through the drilling machine (1) and a cable and pulley arrangement (7, 15b, 15c). In this active compensation mode, the crowning block (10) is inactive and, preferably, attached to a water table (9) in the drilling tower. A drilling or maneuver winch (8) is connected to the deck structure (3b) and to the drilling machine (1) via a cable (7), which runs through pulleys or pulleys (15a, 15d) to a point connection (6) in the deck structure (where power and control devices, hydraulic hoses, etc. are required, which are not shown in the figure, as these items are well known in the technical segment). Therefore, the movement (and, consequently, the movement compensation) of the drill pipe (5) is obtained by means of a controlled operation of the maneuver winch (8). The maneuver winch (8), preferably, is an active compensated winch and sized to handle the large loads associated, for example, with operations carried out in the well, when the drilling column is in a "not fixed to the base" arrangement. This movement is indicated by the double arrow (MA) in figure 1.
    [00021] A passive motion compensator, schematically illustrated in the form of two passive compensating cylinders (12a, 12b), is connected between a support platform (14) in the drilling tower and the crowning block (10) (where required power and control devices, hydraulic hoses, etc., which are not shown in the figure, as these items are well known in the technical segment). When the motion compensating system according to the invention is in active mode, the passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is inactive and not in use. The crowning block (10) is inactive in the water table (9) and, preferably, firmly connected to it.
    [00022] Figure 2 represents a schematic illustration of the movement compensating system according to the invention, in a passive mode, which is used in a "fixed to the base" configuration of the drill string. In this case, the crowning block (10) has been released from the water table (9) and is free to move up and down in the guide structure (11). The passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is in operation (indicated by the double arrow MP) and adjusted to compensate for the vessel's movements. In this configuration, the maneuver winch (8) is operated like a conventional winch. In this way, the drill string is compensated only by a passive compensator (12a, 12b), during the operation of a “fixed to the base” compensator.
    [00023] The passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is designed to handle only the (comparatively) small loads associated with the “fixed to base” compensator operations. When the system is in an active compensation mode (for example, for operations within the well, see figure 1), the passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is in no way absorbing any loads (the loads are transferred inside the tower through the crowning block that is inactive in the water table). Therefore, the passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) can be designed much thinner and lighter than conventional drill string compensators. The requirements for the cylinder stroke and load handling capacity are reduced when compared to the known crown mounted compensators (CMCs). Also, swing arms are not required. The new passive compensator does not need to be dimensioned for the maximum tower load, as is the case with known compensators. With reference to the above example for a known drilling tower, with the combination of a winch and CMC, the differences between the state of the art and the system of the invention are illustrated by the following example data:
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [0001]
    1. Movement compensation system to control the relative movements between a floating vessel (3a) and an elongated element (5), where the elongated element is suspended by the vessel at a first end and extends within a body of water below the floating vessel, in which: - an active movement compensator (8) connected to the end of the first elongated element (10) is arranged in a region superior to an upright support structure (2), and - passive movement compensator (12a, 12b ) is connected to the end of the first elongated element through element (10), characterized by the fact that the movement compensators (8, 12a, 12b) are structurally and operationally separated in the form of independent units, being configured for separate and mutually operating independent, and where the active motion compensator (8) is configured to be in a static state, when the passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is in operation , and vice versa.
    [0002]
    2. Movement compensation system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the passive movement compensator (12a, 12b) comprises one or more passive movement compensation cylinders (12a, 12b).
    [0003]
    3. Movement compensation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the active movement compensator (8) comprises an active compensated drilling winch (8), placed on a deck (3b) of a floating vessel.
    [0004]
    4. Movement compensation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passive movement compensator (12a, 12b) comprises a first end connected to the element (10), and a second end connected to the structure upright support, and where the element (10) is movable in a guide structure (11).
    [0005]
    5. Movement compensation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the upright support structure comprises a support element (9) for the element (10), on which the element (10) rests , when the passive motion compensator is not in operation and the active motion compensator is in operation.
    [0006]
    6. Movement compensation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the passive movement compensator (12a, 12b) is supported by the upright support structure, at a vertical distance (h) above the compensator active movement (8).
    [0007]
    7. Movement compensation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that when a second end of the elongated element (5) is attached to a base below the body of water, the active movement compensator (8 ) is out of operation and the passive motion compensator (12a, 12b) is in operation.
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    WO2013076207A3|2014-01-30|
    EP2783066A2|2014-10-01|
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    引用文献:
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    FR3060549B1|2016-12-19|2018-12-07|IFP Energies Nouvelles|SYSTEM FOR MOTION COMPENSATION OF A LOAD ATTACHED TO A MOBILE INSTALLATION WITH MAIN VERSION AND SECONDARY VERIN|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-12-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-02-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/11/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NO20111629|2011-11-25|
    NO20111629A|NO335499B1|2011-11-25|2011-11-25|A motion compensation system|
    PCT/EP2012/073389|WO2013076207A2|2011-11-25|2012-11-22|A compensator|
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